Which type of artificial airway is most common for long-term pediatric and neonatal patients?

For long-term management in pediatric and neonatal patients, a tracheostomy is the most appropriate type of artificial airway. This is primarily because a tracheostomy provides a stable and secure airway that is well-suited for prolonged use.

In cases where long-term airway support is required, such as for patients with chronic respiratory issues or those needing mechanical ventilation over an extended period, a tracheostomy allows for easier maintenance of ventilatory support and can significantly improve patient comfort compared to other options. It also helps reduce airway resistance and lowers the risk of complications associated with longer-term use of alternative artificial airways.

In contrast, endotracheal tubes, while effective for short-term intubation, are not designed for prolonged use due to the high risk of complications and discomfort over time. Bag-mask ventilation is primarily a temporary measure used for emergency situations and is not a solution for long-term airway management. An oropharyngeal airway is typically utilized in unconscious patients to maintain airway patency but is not suitable for long-term use as it does not provide adequate protection against aspiration or airway obstruction.

Thus, for a pediatric or neonatal population requiring a reliable and enduring airway solution, a tracheostomy is the best choice.