What is the effect of autonomic neuropathy on the heart and circulatory systems?

Autonomic neuropathy significantly affects the heart and circulatory systems, primarily by interfering with the body's ability to regulate blood pressure and heart rate. This condition arises from damage to the autonomic nerves, which play a crucial role in controlling involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate and blood vessel constriction.

In individuals with autonomic neuropathy, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work together to regulate cardiovascular responses, can become imbalanced. The sympathetic system typically increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels to elevate blood pressure during stress or physical activity, while the parasympathetic system facilitates relaxation and lowers heart rate. When autonomic neuropathy disrupts this balance, it leads to difficulties in adjusting blood pressure during changes in posture, exercise, or stress, resulting in symptoms like dizziness or fainting.

Thus, the interference with both heart rate and blood pressure adjustment is a primary concern, making this answer the most accurate in describing the effects of autonomic neuropathy on heart and circulatory function.