What condition is associated with long-term use of an endotracheal tube?

Long-term use of an endotracheal tube can lead to tracheal stenosis, which is a narrowing of the trachea. This condition arises primarily due to the pressure and friction of the tube against the tracheal walls, causing ischemia and potential scarring. Over time, the sustained irritation and inflammation can lead to a restriction in the airway, making breathing more difficult.

The concern with tracheal stenosis is significant, as it can present itself with symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing, particularly during expiration. When an endotracheal tube is in place for extended periods, the normal healing response is altered due to continuous trauma, thereby increasing the risk for this complication.

While other conditions, such as hypoxemia, pneumonia, and bronchitis, can be associated with airway management and intubation, tracheal stenosis specifically ties directly to the mechanical impacts of the endotracheal tube over a prolonged time. Understanding this relationship helps in recognizing the importance of carefully managing intubated patients to prevent such long-term complications.